Improve example CA setup

The example CA now has more realistic 2 levels with a root CA and a sub CA.

Setup script and ca.cnf has been changed to create a root CA and a sub CA
that is signed by the root CA. The sub CA is used for signing the end entity
certificates. Example CA directory has been changed to example_ca for better
readability.

.gitignore

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 .*.swp
 /translate.*.toml
 /.idea/
-/exampleca/
+/example_ca/
 /node_modules/
 /public/

ca.cnf

@@ -3,22 +3,54 @@ extensions = v3_ext
 [ca]
 default_ca = EXAMPLECA
 
+[rootca]
+dir              = ./example_ca/root
+certs            = $dir/certs
+crl_dir          = $dir/crl
+database         = $dir/index.txt
+serial           = $dir/serial
+new_certs_dir    = $dir/newcerts
+
+crl              = $dir/crl.pem
+certificate      = $dir/ca.crt.pem
+private_key      = $dir/private/ca.key.pem
+RANDFILE         = $dir/private/.rand
+
+policy           = policy_any
+unique_subject   = no
+email_in_dn      = no
+copy_extensions  = none
+
+default_md       = sha256
+default_days     = 1825
+default_crl_days = 30
+
 [EXAMPLECA]
-dir             = ./exampleca
-certs           = $dir/certs
-crl_dir         = $dir/crl
-database        = $dir/index.txt
-new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts
-serial          = $dir/serial
-crl             = $dir/crl.pem
-certificate     = $dir/ca.crt.pem
-serial          = $dir/serial
-crl             = $dir/crl.pem
-private_key     = $dir/private/ca.key.pem
-RANDFILE        = $dir/private/.rand
-unique_subject  = no
-email_in_dn     = no
-default_md      = sha256
+dir              = ./example_ca/sub
+certs            = $dir/certs
+crl_dir          = $dir/crl
+database         = $dir/index.txt
+serial           = $dir/serial
+new_certs_dir    = $dir/newcerts
+
+crl              = $dir/crl.pem
+certificate      = $dir/ca.crt.pem
+private_key      = $dir/private/ca.key.pem
+RANDFILE         = $dir/private/.rand
+unique_subject   = no
+email_in_dn      = no
+
+default_md       = sha256
+default_days     = 365
+default_crl_days = 30
+
+[policy_any]
+countryName            = match
+stateOrProvinceName    = optional
+organizationName       = match
+organizationalUnitName = optional
+commonName             = supplied
+emailAddress           = optional
 
 [policy_match]
 commonName      = supplied
@@ -29,3 +61,35 @@ keyUsage               = keyEncipherment,digitalSignature,nonRepudiation
 extendedKeyUsage       = clientAuth,emailProtection
 subjectKeyIdentifier   = hash
 authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer:always
+
+[req]
+default_bits       = 3072
+default_keyfile    = privkey.pem
+distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
+attributes         = req_attributes
+x509_extensions    = root_ca
+
+[req_distinguished_name]
+countryName            = Country Name (2 letter code)
+countryName_default    = CH
+countryName_min        = 2
+countryName_max        = 2
+
+localityName           = Locality Name (eg, city)
+
+organizationName       = Organization Name (eg, company)
+organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
+
+commonName             = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
+commonName_max         = 64
+
+[req_attributes]
+
+[root_ca]
+basicConstraints       = critical,CA:true,pathlen:1
+subjectKeyIdentifier   = hash
+
+[sub_ca]
+basicConstraints       = critical,CA:true,pathlen:0
+subjectKeyIdentifier   = hash
+authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer:always

setup_example_ca.sh

@@ -1,11 +1,39 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-if [ ! -d "exampleca" ]; then
-  mkdir -p exampleca/newcerts
-  touch exampleca/index.txt
+set -eu
+
+COUNTRY_CODE=CH
+ORGANIZATION="Acme Ltd."
+
+if [ ! -d "example_ca" ]; then
+  mkdir -p example_ca/root/newcerts example_ca/sub/newcerts
+  touch example_ca/root/index.txt example_ca/sub/index.txt
   umask 077
-  mkdir exampleca/private
-  openssl req -new -x509 -keyout exampleca/private/ca.key.pem -out exampleca/ca.crt.pem -days 3650 \
-    -subj "/CN=Example CA" -nodes -newkey rsa:3072 -addext "basicConstraints=critical,CA:true,pathlen:0"
-  chmod +r exampleca/ca.crt.pem
+  mkdir example_ca/root/private example_ca/sub/private
+  openssl req -new -x509 \
+    -config ca.cnf \
+    -keyout example_ca/root/private/ca.key.pem \
+    -newkey rsa:3072 \
+    -nodes \
+    -subj "/CN=Example Root CA/C=${COUNTRY_CODE}/O=${ORGANIZATION}" \
+    -utf8 \
+    -days 3650 \
+    -out example_ca/root/ca.crt.pem
+  chmod +r example_ca/root/ca.crt.pem
+  openssl req -new \
+    -config ca.cnf \
+    -keyout example_ca/sub/private/ca.key.pem \
+    -newkey rsa:3072 \
+    -nodes \
+    -subj "/CN=Example Sub CA/C=${COUNTRY_CODE}/O=${ORGANIZATION}" \
+    -utf8 \
+    -out example_ca/sub/ca.csr.pem
+  openssl ca \
+    -config ca.cnf \
+    -name rootca \
+    -in example_ca/sub/ca.csr.pem \
+    -extensions sub_ca \
+    -out example_ca/sub/ca.crt.pem \
+    -create_serial \
+    -batch
 fi